УДК 338.2:620.9

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются экономические последствия энергетического кризиса в Европе на примере Германии как одной из крупнейших промышленных экономик Европейского союза. Показано, что энергетический кризис 2021–2023 гг. стал результатом сочетания структурных факторов европейской энергетической политики, высокой зависимости от импортируемых энергоресурсов, волатильности мировых рынков и геополитического обострения 2022 г. Особое внимание уделено влиянию кризиса на промышленность, инфляцию, бюджетную политику, домохозяйства, конкурентоспособность немецкой экономики и параметры энергетического перехода. Обосновано, что Германия столкнулась не только с краткосрочным ростом цен на газ и электроэнергию, но и с более глубокой проблемой пересмотра модели промышленного развития, ранее основанной на доступе к сравнительно дешёвым энергоносителям. Сделан вывод о том, что энергетический кризис ускорил диверсификацию поставок, развитие возобновляемых источников энергии и реформирование энергетической безопасности, однако одновременно усилил риски деиндустриализации, роста производственных издержек и снижения международной конкурентоспособности энергоёмких отраслей.

Ключевые слова

энергетический кризисГерманияЕвропейский союзэнергетическая безопасностьпромышленностьинфляцияприродный газэнергетический переходконкурентоспособностьгосударственная поддержка
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE ENERGY CRISIS IN EUROPE: THE CASE OF GERMANY

Abstract

The article examines the economic consequences of the energy crisis in Europe using Germany as an example of one of the largest industrial economies of the European Union. It is shown that the energy crisis of 2021–2023 resulted from a combination of structural factors of European energy policy, high dependence on imported energy resources, volatility in global markets and geopolitical escalation in 2022. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the crisis on industry, inflation, fiscal policy, households, the competitiveness of the German economy and the parameters of the energy transition. It is substantiated that Germany faced not only a short-term increase in gas and electricity prices, but also a deeper problem of revising its industrial development model, which had previously been based on access to relatively cheap energy resources. The conclusion is made that the energy crisis accelerated the diversification of supplies, the development of renewable energy sources and the reform of energy security, but at the same time increased the risks of deindustrialization, rising production costs and declining international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries.

Keywords

energy crisisGermanyEuropean Unionenergy securityindustryinflationnatural gasenergy transitioncompetitivenessgovernment support

Для цитирования

Симонов Александр Николаевич. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО КРИЗИСА В ЕВРОПЕ: ОПЫТ ГЕРМАНИИ // Московский вестник экономических наук. 2023. № 3. С. 32-40.

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